Figure 0.2

Relationship between the number of individuals introduced and introduction success for independent introductions of 13 ungulate species to New Zealand. Successful introductions are shown as open circles, unsuccessful introductions as closed circles. Data for Cervus elaphus (western red deer) are available for only a small sub-sample of introductions; red deer propagules of more than six individuals were always successful. Two data points include more than one introduction event; Hemitragus jemlahicus was successful from three separate introductions at the same site in 1904 (five individuals), 1909 (eight), and 1919 (four), and Rupicapra rupicapra was successful from two separate introductions at the same site in 1907 (eight individuals) and 1914 (one female). Species are shown in ascending order of maximum propagule size; V.p., Vicugna pacos; R.u., Rusa unicolor; P.n., Pseudois nayaur; O.h., Odocoileus hemionus; C.e., Cervus elaphus; C.n., Cervus nippon; A.a., Axis axis; R.t., Rusa timorensis; O.v., Odocoileus virginianus; R.r., Rupicapra rupicapra; Al.al., Alces alces; H.j., Hemitragus jemlahicus; C.c., Cervus canadensis. (Source: Forsyth and Duncan.)25