Dynamics of Leaf Photosynthesis:

Rapid Response Measurements and Their Interpretations

By A Laisk, V Oja
Dynamics of Leaf Photosynthesis
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This book details a novel approach to dynamic, as opposed to steady-state, analysis of leaf photosynthesis by integrating fast responses to Carbon Dioxide:Oxygen exchange with optical techniques for fluorescence, light scattering and absorbance measurements. It outlines state-of-the-art approaches to the next generation of photosynthetic research in vivo.

  1. Page v
    Foreword
    By Barry Osmond, Series Editor Laurie Martinelli
    1. Page xi
      Preface
      By Agu Laisk, Vello Oja and Tartu
    2. Page 1
      1. Conceptual background
      1. Page 2
        1. Why rapid response?
      2. Page 5
        Basic physics of gas flow
        1. Page 5
          1. Dynamic resistance of an orifice
        2. Page 6
          Viscous resistance of a capillary
        3. Page 7
          Pressure–flow relationships in practice; something intermediate between an orifice and a capillary
        4. Page 9
          1. Diffusional mixing of gases in tubes
      3. Page 10
        Basic principles of fast-response leaf gas exchange measurement
    3. Page 13
      2. Rapid-response gas exchange measurement systems for the investigation of the kinetics of leaf photosynthesis
      1. Page 14
        Design of the twin-channel system
      2. Page 14
        Presetting the O2 concentration of the carrier gas
      3. Page 19
        Humidification of the carrier gas
      4. Page 20
        2. Mixing CO2 into the humidified carrier gas
      5. Page 22
        Design of the rapid-response leaf chamber with contact thermostatting
      6. Page 25
        Irradiation sources and fibre optics
      7. Page 28
        2. Gas analysis
        1. Page 28
          Carbon dioxide
        2. Page 29
          Water vapour
        3. Page 30
          Oxygen
      8. Page 31
        Data logging and processing
        1. Page 33
          Movement of the gas front through the leaf chamber and whole-system response
        2. Page 38
          Modified rapid-response system for CO2 titration of leaves using changes in O2 concentration
    4. Page 41
      3. Kinetic analysis of leaf carbon metabolism in steady-state C3 photosynthesis
      1. Page 41
        Calculation of the effective CO2 concentration during photosynthesis in leaves
        1. Page 42
          The network of condensed diffusion resistances and fluxes in a leaf
        2. Page 47
          Expression of fluxes using the difference of the chemical potential of CO2
      2. Page 48
        Dependence of the calculated intercellular CO2 concentrations on the statistical distribution of stomatal apertures
      3. Page 51
        3. The effect of leaf optical density on the shape of light-response curves
      4. Page 52
        Determining photosynthetic parameters from steady-state CO2 exchange measurements
        1. Page 52
          Theoretical relationships between electron transport, CO2 fixation and photorespiratory CO2 evolution
        2. Page 54
          CO2/O2 specificity of rubisco
        3. Page 57
          Dark respiration in the light
        4. Page 57
          Mesophyll diffusion resistance
      5. Page 59
        From steady-state to transient analysis of leaf CO2 uptake
        1. Page 59
          Steady-state and transient CO2 curves
        2. Page 61
          Steady-state and transient light curves
    5. Page 64
      4. Investigations of transient processes in C3 leaf photosynthesis
      1. Page 64
        Dark-light induction of photosynthesis
        1. Page 64
          CO2 uptake during the dark-light induction of photosynthesis
        2. Page 65
          O2 evolution during the induction under light saturation and light limitation
        3. Page 66
          Simultaneous measurements of CO2 uptake and O2 evolution during induction
      2. Page 69
        Kinetic studies of photosynthetic carboxylation in vivo
        1. Page 69
          Kinetics of rubisco with respect to CO2
        2. Page 71
          Post-illumination CO2 uptake: kinetics of rubisco in vivo with respect to RuBP
        3. Page 75
          Analysing the inhibition of rubisco in leaves by post-illumination transients
      3. Page 78
        Measurement of photorespiratory CO2 evolution in the light
      4. Page 84
        Application of rapid-response O2 exchange measurements in studies of electron transport kinetics
        1. Page 84
          Indicators of the intermediate pools in the electron transport chain
        2. Page 85
          Improving the time resolution of O2 evolution measurements: The pulse method
        3. Page 87
          Measurement of the light-response curve of PS II
    6. Page 89
      5. Investigations of proton concentration and transport in leaves by gas exchange methods
      1. Page 89
        CO2 capacity of leaf as an indicator of the pH in chloroplast stroma
      2. Page 93
        CO2 titration of leaves
    7. Page 99
      6. Probing PS II in vivo using rapid-response gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence
      1. Page 99
        Physical background of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves
      2. Page 101
        Simple theory of fluorescence: Expressions for quantum yields and rate constants
      3. Page 103
        Measurement of the quantum yield of fluorescence
      4. Page 106
        Comparison of electron transport rates calculated from fluorescence and gas exchange
      5. Page 111
        Thermoinhibition of photosynthesis as analysed by chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange
      6. Page 113
        Photoinhibition of photosynthesis as analysed by chlorophyll fluorescence and O2 evolution
      7. Page 113
        Relationship between quantum yields of O2 evolution and fluorescence at constant non-photochemical quenching
      8. Page 117
        Quantum yields and rate constants of photochemical and non-photochemical excitation quenching under ‘energized’ and inhibitory conditions
      9. Page 120
        Light-response curves of PS II electron transport in the absence and in the presence of non-photochemical excitation quenching
      10. Page 122
        About the mechanism of non-photochemical excitation quenching
    8. Page 125
      7. Probing PS I in vivo using rapid-response gas exchange and absorbance around 800 nm
      1. Page 125
        Electron and excitation budget at PS 1
      2. Page 126
        Absorbance at 800 nm as a probe for P700 reduction state in leaves
      3. Page 127
        Techniques of measurement of 800 nm absorbance changes
      4. Page 128
        Calibration of the 800 nm signal for complete reduction and oxidation of P700
        1. Page 128
          The 800 nm signal in the dark and in light pulses
        2. Page 129
          The 800 nm signal under far-red light (FRL)
      5. Page 130
        Quantum yield of PS I from interpretation of the steady-state 800 nm signal
      6. Page 133
        Control of PS I electron transport by acceptor side reduction and excitation capture efficiency, deduced from the 800 nm signal
      7. Page 134
        The kinetics of photosynthetic control measured by the post-illumination re-reduction of P700
      8. Page 140
        PS I acceptor side control during dark-light induction and oscillations of photosynthesis
      9. Page 146
        Concluding remarks
    9. Page 164
      References

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